Lithium-Ion Battery Fires - An important message from the Fire Marshal

Understanding and Mitigating the Risks of Lithium-Ion Battery Fires

As the warmer seasons approach, I want to raise awareness about the increasing safety concerns surrounding lithium-ion battery fires. With the rising popularity of electric-powered landscape equipment, coupled with improper battery charging practices and the use of non-manufacturer batteries, the risk of battery-related fires is on the rise. To address this issue, it's essential to understand the root causes of lithium-ion battery fires and implement safety measures to mitigate these risks.

How Lithium-Ion Battery Fires Start   

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in various electronic devices, from cellphones to electric vehicles (EVs). These batteries operate through chemical reactions between electrodes and electrolytes, generating electrical energy. However, several factors can lead to battery fires, including mechanical harm, electrical faults, and overheating.

Mechanical harm, such as crushing or penetration from collisions, can damage the battery cells and lead to internal short circuits. Similarly, external or internal short circuits caused by faulty handling or chemical reactions within the battery can trigger fires. Overcharging or charging at high speeds can produce sharp lithium needles called dendrites, which can penetrate the separator between electrodes and cause internal short circuits.

Moreover, the decomposition of metal oxides in the battery's cathode releases oxygen gas, providing fuel for fires. This oxygen generation exacerbates the fire risk, especially during thermal runaway—a state of uncontrollable self-heating in which the battery temperature rapidly escalates, potentially leading to an explosion or fire.

Mitigating Risks and Ensuring Safety

To minimize the risk of lithium-ion battery fires, residents can take proactive steps:

1. Use Manufacturer-Recommended Equipment: Always use charging equipment and outlets recommended by the battery manufacturer to ensure safe charging practices.

2. Avoid Overcharging: Never leave batteries plugged in overnight or overcharge them, as this can lead to overheating and increased fire risk.

3. Inspect Batteries Regularly: Regularly inspect batteries for signs of damage, overheating, or swelling, and replace damaged batteries promptly.

4. Use Certified Batteries: Only use batteries listed by reputable organizations like Underwriters Laboratory (UL). Knock-off or aftermarket batteries may lack proper safety features, increasing the risk of thermal runaway.

5. Proper Storage: Store lithium-ion batteries in well-ventilated areas, away from flammable materials, and consider storing them in outdoor sheds when not in use.

6. Charge Responsibly: Charge batteries only when needed and unplug them once fully charged to prevent overcharging and minimize fire risks.

Conclusion

As the demand for lithium-ion batteries continues to grow, understanding and addressing the associated fire risks are paramount. By following manufacturer recommendations, inspecting batteries regularly, and avoiding the use of knock-off batteries, users can minimize the likelihood of battery-related fires. Through awareness and responsible practices, communities like Essex, can ensure the safe utilization of electric-powered equipment while enjoying the benefits of modern technology.

Remember to sign up for Community Connect and register your home with the Essex Fire Marshal. Here you can request a visit to inspect smoke and carbon monoxide detectors as well as request an inspection of Lithium-Ion batteries. To sign up, visit https://www.communityconnect.io/info/ct-townofessex.

If you have any questions or concerns, please feel free to contact The Essex Fire Marshal at jplanas@essexct.gov or at 860-767-4340 ext.146